Internal Applications: Tea, Tincture, Capsules.

The antibacterial properties of the alkaloid berbamine have shown activity against Staphyloccus, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and Eschorichia Coli. It has antimicrobial properties that are especially beneficial for the skin and intestinal tract. It helps to dilate blood vessels and thus lower blood pressure. Mahonia is more effective for chronic liver problems.

Topical Applications: Eyewash for infections such as conjunctivitis and bloodshot eyes. Berries made into a gargle for sore throat. Use as a mouthwash or apply directly to gums for pyorrhea. Use as salve or wash for itchy skin, boils and wounds.

Culinary uses: Berries can be cooked, made into jams and syrup, and candied. Berries are edible raw, and the juice is often used as a substitute for lemon juice.

Energetics: Bitter, Cold.